Policy for the use of inactivated polio virus vaccine. Inactivated polio vaccine ipv ipv is produced from wildtype poliovirus strains of each serotype that have been inactivated killed with formalin. The starting antigen concentration was measured by us as described below to be 2023, 831 and 1081 d antigen unitsml for ipv types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Cdc recommends that children get polio vaccine to protect against polio, or poliomyelitis. Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. This change in policy is the most substantive since the introduction of oral poliovirus vaccine opv in 1961. Introduction of inactivated polio vaccine ipv in routine immunizations. Inactivated polio vaccination using a microneedle patch is. Alterations or changes to this publication is prohibited without the express written consent of the texas department of state health services, immunization unit. Polio and the introduction of ipv poliomyelitis polio is a highly infectious disease that is caused when a person is infected by the polio virus that invades the nervous system. The weakness most often involves the legs, but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Jan 03, 2020 see the polio vaccine information statement vis for more information.
A concerted action on the part of international agencies and national governments has resulted in the neareradication of poliomyelitis. Mar 19, 20 a three doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine topv at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age b three doses of bivalent opv bopv at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age c two doses of intramuscular im inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv at 6 and 14 weeks of age d two doses of intradermal id fractional ipv fipv at 6 and 14 weeks of age e. Inactivated polio vaccine ipv introduction frequently asked. Vaccine associated paralytic polio is a rare adverse event following live oral poliovirus vaccine. See the polio vaccine information statement vis for more information. Poliovirus vaccine, inactivated dosage guide with precautions.
Inactivated polio virus type 1 mahoney1 40 d antigen units inactivated polio virus type 2 mef11 8 d antigen units. Oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines in the newborn. If the person getting the vaccine is not feeling well. In this study, we had the opportunity to identify household and community transmission of opv in mexico, where inactivated polio vaccine ipv is provided for routine immunization at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age and opv is only administered in 2 national health weeks nhw to children 5 years of age and under. An inactivated vaccine or killed vaccine is a vaccine consisting of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine does not contain live virus, so it cannot cause vapp. A guide to introducing inactivated polio vaccine world health. The manual should be adapted to meet the needs of the country. Although polio is still present in many parts of the world, effective immunization of the canadian population will minimize the risk of spread of. If you have any questions about poliovirus vaccine inactivated, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider. Pdf abstract live attenuated oral polio vaccine opv and inactivated polio vaccine ipv are the tools being used to achieve eradication of wild. Examples of adults at increased risk include those who will be working or traveling in an area of the world where polio still occurs and health care workers, including.
Following intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, the antigens inactivated viruses get presented to the antigenpresenting cells e. Alterations or changes to this publication is prohibited. If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Global coverage with 3 doses of polio vaccine was 86% in 2015. With many lives and the regions poliofree status at stake, this effort has. Kano state, nigeria, introduced inactivated polio vaccine ipv into its routine immunization ri schedule in march 2015 and was the pilot site for an ri data module for the national health management information system nhmis. Spatial analyses of oral polio vaccine transmission in an. A vaccine that is made from a suspension of poliovirus types that are inactivated killed with formalin. Also called the salk vaccine ipv consists of inactivated killed poliovirus strains of all three poliovirus types. Ipol poliovirus vaccine inactivated dose, indications. Poliomyelitis chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers. Application of who multidose vial policy for inactivated. Children most people should get polio vaccine when they are children. Individuals using assistive technology may not be able to.
There are 3 types of the polio virus type 1, type 2, and type 3. Polio vaccine polio 112000 inactivated polio vaccine ipv can prevent polio. The latest paper also reflects the global opv switch as planned for april 2016. Immunogenicity of inactivated and live polio vaccines full. Fractionaldose inactivated poliovirus vaccine campaign. Incompletely vaccinated adults at increased risk of exposure, with at least one dose of oral polio vaccine or fewer than 3 doses of inactivated polio vaccine one 0. Pdf introduction of inactivated polio vaccine and specific determinants of vaccine hesitancy maduka donatus ughasoro1, beckie nnenna tagbo2, dorothy. Immunogenicity of inactivated and live polio vaccines. It is on the world health organizations list of essential medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. A 1916 polio epidemic in the unites states killed 6,000 people and paralyzed 27,000 more.
There are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio. It paralyzed and killed thousands of people a year before we had a vaccine. Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of polio vaccine, or has any severe, lifethreatening allergies in some cases, your health care provider may decide to postpone polio vaccination to a. Jul 01, 2017 in 2012, the world health assembly wha endorsed the proposed polio endgame strategy, which includes withdrawal of the sabinvirus type 2 antigenresponsible for an estimated 95% of vaccinederived cases of polio by replacing the trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine topv in the routine immunization schedule with a bivalent vaccine bopv. Opv was replaced with bivalent opv, which contains types 1 and 3 oral polio. Application of who multidose vial policy for inactivated polio vaccine. To eliminate the primary risk of emergence of all types of vaccinederived polio cases, the polio eradication. In april 2009, south africa introduced three new vaccines into its universal immunization schedule, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, rotavirus vaccine and a pentavalent vaccine consisting of diphtheria, acellular pertussis, tetanus, haemophilus influenzae type b and inactivated polio vaccine ipv. The success of the polio eradication program in the western hemisphere means that the risk of disease due to wildtype poliovirus is now less than the risk of vaccine associated disease in canada. Historical vaccine development and introduction of routine. Administration of vaxelis following previous doses of inactivated polio vaccine ipv. The polio eradication and endgame strategic plan outlines the phased removal of oral polio vaccines opvs, starting with type. Pdf introduction of inactivated polio vaccine and specific.
A different, oral polio vaccine was developed by albert sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. Introduction of inactivated polio vaccine ipv world health. Spread by eating food or drinking water with the polio germ in it, as well as from person to person. The polio endgame strategy 20192023 will take us through the final challenges to eradication and lay the groundwork for a sustainable future free of polio. Since 2000 only injectable inactivated polio vaccine ipv has been used in the u. You should not receive this vaccine if you have ever had a lifethreatening allergic reaction to any vaccine containing live or inactivated polio virus, or if you are allergic to 2phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde, neomycin, streptomycin, or polymyxin b. A novel gamma radiationinactivated sabinbased polio vaccine. Antigenic structure of poliovirus in inactivated vaccines article pdf available in journal of general virology 74 pt 44. The introduction of ipv creates challenges in maintaining the cold chain for vaccine storage and distribution. Ipv is given by intramuscular or intradermal injection and needs to be administered by a trained health worker. It reiterates the who recommendations and summarizes recent developments in the field. Poliovirus vaccine, inactivated, ipv stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against poliovirus wildtypes 1, 2, and 3. Inactivated polio vaccine ipv is the only polio vaccine that has been given in the united states since 2000. B oth inactivated ipv and live, oral opv poliovirus vaccine are licensed for use in canada.
The incidence of poliomyelitis in the united states declined rapidly after the licensure of inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv in 1955 and live oral polio vaccine opv in the 1960s. Ultimately, opv would no longer be used after eradication of the remaining two polioviruses. Ask your doctor, nurse, or health department to file a vaccine adverse event reporting system vaers form, or call the vaers tollfree number yourself at 18008227967. Development of thermostable lyophilized sabin inactivated. Any isolation of vdpv2 after the switch is to be treated as a. Influenza vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv introduction pan american. Inactivated polio and rabies vaccines market will grow at. Inactivated polio vaccine ipv price data unicef supply. Pdf antigenic structure of poliovirus in inactivated. As oral poliovirus vaccine opv causes vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis, the polio endgame strategy introduced by the global polio eradication initiative calls for a phased withdrawal of opv and an introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv. Children should usually get 4 doses of polio vaccine, at 2 months, 4 months, 618 months, and 46 years of age. Ask your health care provider if you want information about vaccine components.
Children get doses of ipv at 2 months, 4 months, 618 months, and booster dose at 46 years of age. Ipv is a shot, given in the leg or arm, depending on age. This disease is easily prevented with immunization. It paralyzed and killed thousands of people a year before we had a vaccine for it. Acip has determined that the riskbenefit ratio associated with the exclusive use of opv for routine immunization has changed because of rapid progress in global polio eradication efforts. The inactivated polio vaccine ipv is used to protect children against polio or poliomyelitis. An inactivated polio vaccine, developed a few years later by jonas salk, came into use in 1955. A three doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine topv at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age b three doses of bivalent opv bopv at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age c two doses of intramuscular im inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv at 6 and 14 weeks of age d two doses of intradermal id fractional ipv fipv at 6 and 14 weeks of age e. It doesnt matter how long it has been since the earlier doses. At the same time, the world would shift to the use of an injectable, inactivated polio vaccine ipv, which does not cause vaccinederived polio and provides some protection against all.
Intradermal administration of fractional doses of inactivated. Ipv is given by shot in the leg or arm, depending on the patients age. Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of influenza vaccine, or has any severe, lifethreatening allergies. Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and impact on. However, both the oral polio vaccine opv and the inactivated polio vaccine ipv have deficiencies which make them suboptimal for use after global eradication. The inactivated polio vaccine is mostly given as a booster dose to adults who had a series of polio vaccine in childhood and are at increased risk of exposure to polio virus. The polio endgame strategy 20192023 is a document that builds on lessons learned, taking stock of all the knowledge, tools, and approaches the programme has built over the years. File this consent statement in the patient s chart. In this study, we had the opportunity to identify household and community transmission of opv in mexico, where inactivated polio vaccine ipv is provided for routine immunization at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age and opv is only administered in 2 national health. Following the declaration of eradication of wild poliovirus wpv type 2 in september 2015, trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine topv was withdrawn globally to reduce the risk for type 2 vaccine derived poliovirus vdpv2 transmission.
Polio eradication and endgame strategic plan 202018. In the region, coverage with 3 doses of polio vaccine was 94% in 2015. Pdf antigenic structure of poliovirus in inactivated vaccines. Dec 17, 2019 if you have any questions about poliovirus vaccine inactivated, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider. In may 2012 the world health assembly declared the completion of poliovirus eradication to be a programmatic emergency for global public health and called for a comprehensive polio endgame strategy. Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and trivalent oral. As an injectable vaccine, it can be administered alone or in combination with other vaccines e.
Polio vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Fractionaldose inactivated poliovirus vaccine immunization campaigntelangana state, india, june 2016. Name of the medicinal product poliorix, solution for injection poliomyelitis vaccine inactivated ipv 2. Inactivated polio vaccine support gavi, the vaccine alliance. For travelers going to countries with circulating poliovirus who have completed their routine polio vaccine series but who have not already received an adult booster dose, cdc recommends administering an inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv booster dose. Pdf in 20, the world health assembly endorsed a plan that calls for the ultimate withdrawal of oral polio vaccines opv from all immunization. You should not receive this vaccine if you have moderate or severe illness with a fever. The endgame plan was developed following the may 2012 declaration by the world health assembly of. Pinkbook polio epidemiology of vaccine preventable. Concentration of inactivated polio vaccine unformulated, monovalent, bulk inactivated polio vaccine was kindly provided by glaxosmithkline biologicals rixensart, belgium.
The mechanism of vapp is believed to be a mutation, or reversion, of the vaccine virus to a more neurotropic form. S, affecting thousands of people each year before a vaccine was introduced in 1955. Policy for the use of inactivated polio virus vaccine this policy shall be included in service and joint staff plans and policies for immunization of military members and other health care beneficiaries. The ipv now available is termed enhanced ipv e ipv because of a new method of production developed in 1978 that results in higher potency per dose and significantly greater. Multidose vial policy mdvp, revision 2014, on the use of. Addendum to polio vaccine vaccine information statement instructions.
Opv is composed of attenuated sabin strains and stimulates robust immunity, but may revert to. Prior to the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines in 1955, large outbreaks of. Procurement of vaccines, cold chain, and logistics. Inactivated polio and rabies vaccines market will grow at 4. Any requests for additional funding to provide ipv should be forwarded through service channels. Introduction of inactivated polio vaccine ipv into the. Tell your vaccine provider if the person getting the vaccine.
Inactivated polio vaccine ipv was developed in 1955 by dr jonas salk. Pasteur on their inactivated polio vaccines ipv presented in 5 and 10 dosevials has shown that both multidose vaccine presentations may be used up to 28 days after opening, provided that the product is appropriately handled and stored. Some adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination, including. Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were already vaccinated against polio as children. A 1916 polio epidemic in the united states killed 6,000 people and paralyzed 27,000 more. A highly contagious disease caused by the poliovirus. Section 1 of this guide provides background information on polioviruses, polio vaccines, and the rationale for the introduction of ipv. The last cases of indigenously acquired polio in the united states occurred in 1979 and in the americas in 1991.