Norovirus is recognised as the major cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial infectious gastroenteritis. You may have heard of bird flu, or swine flu, but there. The national flu immunisation programme 201920 nhs england. This guide for health professionals provides useful information about influenza and vaccination, along with tips on how to facilitate. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book. Influenza vaccine can be given at the same time as pertussis vaccination ideally at 28 weeks but may be given earlier, and should not be delayed if the winter influenza season has begun or is imminent.
Perinatal infection develops 312 weeks after delivery. Influenza, or the flu is a highly contagious respiratory illness, thats caused a by a family of influenza viruses. This year, three types of flu vaccine will be used in the flu programme. People infected with the flu virus can spread it to others. Why is an influenza immunisation recommended every year. Stia009 the percentage of patients with stroke or tia who have had influenza immunisation in the preceding 1 august to 31 march. This handbook has been designed as a comprehensive source of information on immunisation, to support you in the work you do. Uncomplicated influenza generally comes on suddenly, and symptoms include muscle aches, fever, chills, headache, cough, and runny nose.
N2 many flulike illnesses are not caused by influenza, however influenza is a significant cause of morbidity. The national flu immunisation programme 201920 3 vaccines. With the publication of the immunisation handbook 2017 the handbook, it is once again appropriate to extend the ministry of healths thanks to everyone involved in supporting, promoting or delivering immunisations to the people of new zealand. Flu influenza australian government department of health. Its complications include pneumonia, and increase mortality particularly during pandemics.
Influenza vaccination is the most important measure we have to prevent influenza and its complications and is recommended for all people aged 6 months and over. Whilst also suitable for this age group, the newly licenced high dose trivalent influenza vaccine tivhd is not eligible for reimbursement under the nhs flu vaccination programme because it has a significantly higher list price. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season. The influenza chapter in immunisation against infectious disease the green book. The world health organization who highlights the rapid spread of measles around the world and reiterates the importance of measles vaccination for everyone over six months of age travelling to areas where measles is circulating 1. Viral gastroenteritis not rotavirus is not notifiable, but cases should be excluded from schools or childcare centres until there has not been a loose bowel motion for at least 24 hours. Healthy children are offered immunisation through a nasal spray, rather than an injection.
The new zealand national immunisation programme supports timely routine immunisation. Health care associated influenza occurs in acute and long term healthcare facilities, affecting both patients and staff and disrupting delivery of care. Public health significance and occurrence of haemophilus influenzae infections before the introduction of hib vaccine to the routine immunisation schedule in 1993, hib disease was the most common serious invasive bacterial infection in. The incubation period for influenza a is about 14 days, and the syndrome usually lasts for about 37 days. Everyone is encouraged to get an influenza vaccine each year. Influenza vaccination coverage rates in five european. Community pharmacists at the heart of public health. Typically, youre contagious from 1 day before you have any symptoms. A list of courses, conferences and study days of relevance to uk health professionals working, or wishing to. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy has been shown to be safe and effective. Following the identification of the pandemic ah1n1v virus, the first pandemic. Influenza immunisation program department of health. Following a primary course of vaccination, antibodies may persist for months or years.
This edition reflects policy current at the time of going to press. Every year, the flu causes widespread illness in the community. The full course of mmr vaccination requires 2 doses. If an individual has been infected with a similar strain within the past few years, then antibodies might neutralize the infecting virions. Pertussis whooping cough immunisation information for public health professionals, including updates. Published 20 march 20 last updated 7 april 2016 see all updates. Measles is one of the most contagious infections and is preventable by vaccination. Please read the information below about the 2020 wa influenza immunisation program and protect your patients by opportunistically offering influenza immunisation to all who are eligible for the free vaccine through the national immunisation program. Prior to the 20092010 influenza ah1n1 pandemic, health authorities and vaccine manufacturers in europe had proactively prepared and developed mockup vaccines mimicking a future pandemic vaccine in terms of composition construct, manufacturing and control, but with a different viral strain. Equally suitable, is the newly licenced cellbased quadrivalent influenza vaccine qivc. When both tri and quadrivalent vaccines are available, the quadrivalent vaccines fluarix tetra or fluquadri are the preferred option, although the trivalent vaccines are all suitable if quadrivalent vaccines are not available see section 4. Annual vaccination is the most effective prevention strategy with a target of 75% uptake in atrisk patient groups.
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Hps website green book chapter on influenza updated. In older children and adults, there is often a 1 to 5 day. Influenza is highly infectious with a usual incubation period of one to three days. In adults with iatrogenic infection, illness usually occurs 38 weeks after blood transfusion. Influenza coverages in spain and vaccinationrelated factors in the subgroup aged 5064 years. Immunisation and pregnancy who, what, when and why. The incubation period for influenza is usually 2 days, but can vary from 1 to 4 days. Since the last edition of immunisation against infectious disease the green.
The flu can produce mild symptoms such as a runny nose, headache, body aches and tiredness. It can also be very severe and cause disease, including. My health, learning and development book green book. Nesterova, darya virginia tech, 201210 this media information sheet provides a brief overview of the history of influenza vaccine development and recommendations made over time concerning vaccine use. Further information on measles immunisation coverage and measles immunity is presented here. Response to influenza immunisation during treatment for. Influenza immunisation can be given at any time during pregnancy. Dm018 the percentage of patients with diabetes, on the register, who. It contains information about early childhood development and services and can be kept as a record of your childs health, growth, development, immunisations and.
Immunising your child will protect them but also cut the risk of them passing on the infection to other vulnerable members of the family in the 201819 flu season, flu vaccine should also be offered to all children who are 29 years old but not 10 years or older on. The flu usually causes the most disease during winter. Autoimmune disorders after immunisation with influenza a. Influenza is highly infectious with a usual incubation period of. Incubation period of influenza virus the incubation period is 14 days, with an average of 2 days for seasonal influenza. Mmr is a safe and effective combined vaccine that protects against 3 separate illnesses measles, mumps and rubella german measles in a single injection. Influenza a is transmitted via the respiratory route. The influenza vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing illness in about 5060% of healthy adults under the age of 65 years. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is caused by a highly contagious virus that is spread by contact with fluids from coughs and sneezes.
Influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since the last edition of immunisation against infectious disease the green book, the immunisation programme has seen a number of changes, to both the vaccination schedule and to peoples attitudes to vaccination. Should influenza immunisation be mandatory for healthcare. Immunisation coalition influenza immunisation coalition. Immunity and how vaccines work chapter 1 immunity and how vaccines work ecember 2018 the potency of the product and the time interval, further injections will lead to an accelerated response dominated by igg the secondary response. Influenza immunisation information including updates for public. The spotty book notes on infectious diseases in schools. Studies show that vaccinated individuals spread disease. You stay that way for 5 to 7 days after you start feeling sick. Gps and other health care professionals have an important role in prompting patients to consider the benefits of influenza vaccination and addressing concerns about efficacy and safety. Patients treated with intravenous antibiotics effective against hib are no longer infectious after 24 hours. Vaccine safety and the management of adverse events.
Occasionally, a new strain develops to which many humans have little or no immunity and a worldwide pandemic occurs, as was seen in 2009. Avian influenza infections are much more severe than the common seasonal influenza, and are associated with severe illness and a mortality rate exceeding 50%. Influenza is spread through coughing and sneezing, and is highly contagious, especially in childcare centers, schools, and nursing homes. Classic influenza disease is characterized by the abrupt. It is preferable to be immunised as soon as the vaccine is available usually in march, well before the start of winter.
The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. Immunisation schedule and eligibility view the free vaccine schedule, find out who is eligible, including special risk groups. Symptoms are often mild, and up to 50% of infections may be subclinical or inapparent. The incubation period of rubella is 14 days, with a range of 12 to 23 days. Viral gastroenteritis is predominantly spread via the. Since the ah1n1 2009 influenza pandemic, universal immunisation of pregnant women against seasonal flu has been recommended in many areas of the world. Some people are more at risk of serious health complications if they get influenza and can get a free influenza vaccine. Influenza a and influenza b are responsible for most clinical illness. Influenza is a common cause of respiratory tract infection and hospitalisation during the influenza season in adult patients with leukaemia,1 2 and following bone marrow transplantation,3 4 where a high incidence of complications, especially pneumonia, and significant mortality have been reported. Influenza flu is a contagious viral infection causing approximately 600 deathsyear in the united kingdom. This can vary by year, the persons age and underlying medical conditions. The yellow fever chapter contraindications section in the green book immunisation against infectious disease has been updated yellow fever. Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is a severe respiratory illness that is easily spread and can lead to severe complications, even death. Multiple choice questions on immunisation against infectious disease 12 chapter 6 contraindications and special considerations 1.
Other useful references are the immunisation against infectious diseases the green book national health service uk and the red book published by the american academy of pediatrics. Health do immunisation against infectious disease the green book. Healthcare practitioners should refer to the green book influenza. Avoid close contact with other people until you feel well enough to. As a health provider, you are a trusted source of information for your patients. In children, rash is usually the first manifestation and a prodrome is rare. Influenza illness can vary from asymptomatic infection to severe. Chd007 the percentage of patients with coronary heart disease who have had influenza immunisation in the preceding 1 august to 31 march. Immunisations general practice nurse education network.
The overall aim of the routine childhood immunisation schedule for children in the uk is to provide protection against a range of vaccinepreventable infections and has been designed to provide early protection against infections that are most dangerous for the. Influenza immunisation immunisation during pregnancy also. The world health organisation 2019 defines immunisation as the process whereby a. Influenza april 2019 19 influenza the disease influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. Incubation period of cytomegalovirus the incubation period of sporadic cases of cmv usually cannot be determined. Factsheet about invasive haemophilus influenzae disease. Public health significance and occurrence of influenza. Vaccination with a live vaccine should be deferred if. Influenza is highly infectious with a usual incubation period of 1 to 3 days. Immunisation is the best possible protection against influenza and the most important way we can reduce the number of flu infections and deaths. Immunisation against influenza during pregnancy the bmj. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination. The recent updates include changes to the asthma and egg allergy sections and added information on newly licensed influenza vaccines. Measles, mumps and rubella are highly infectious conditions that can have serious, potentially fatal complications, including.